War of 1812 - Fighting in 1813

War of 1812 - Fighting in 1813 1812: Surprises at Sea Ineptitude on Land | War of 1812: 101 | 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned Surveying the Situation In the wake of the bombed battles of 1812, recently reappointed President James Madison had to reevaluate the key circumstance along the Canadian outskirt. In the Northwest, Major General William Henry Harrison had supplanted the disfavored Brigadier General William Hull and was entrusted with re-taking Detroit. Tenaciously preparing his men, Harrison was checked at the River Raisin and incapable to progress without American control of Lake Erie. Somewhere else, New England stayed hesitant to assume a functioning job in supporting the war exertion making a crusade against Quebec an improbable possibility. Accordingly, it was chosen to concentrate American endeavors for 1813 on accomplishing triumph on Lake Ontario and the Niagara wilderness. Accomplishment on this front additionally required control of the lake. To this end, Captain Isaac Chauncey had been dispatched to Sackets Harbor, NY in 1812 to build an armada on Lake Ontario. It was accepted that triumph in and around Lake Onta rio would cut off Upper Canada and open the route for an assault on Montreal. The Tide Turns at Sea Having made shocking progress over the Royal Navy in a progression of boat to-deliver activities in 1812, the little US Navy looked to proceed with its run of good structure by assaulting British vendor transports and staying in all out attack mode. To this end, the frigate USS Essex (46 weapons) under Captain David Porter, watched the South Atlantic gathering up prizes in late 1812, preceding adjusting Cape Horn in January 1813. Trying to strike the British whaling armada in the Pacific, Porter showed up at Valparaiso, Chile in March. For the rest of the year, Porter traveled with extraordinary achievement and exacted overwhelming misfortunes on British transportation. Coming back to Valparaiso in January 1814, he was barred by the British frigate HMS Phoebe (36) and sloop of war HMS Cherub (18). Expecting that extra British boats were in transit, Porter endeavored to break out on March 28. As Essex left the harbor, it lost its principle topmast in an oddity gust. With his boat harm ed, Porter couldn't come back to port and before long brought to activity by the British. Remaining off Essex, which was to a great extent equipped with short-extend carronades, the British beat Porters transport with their long weapons for more than two hours at last constraining him to give up. Among those caught on board was youthful Midshipman David G. Farragut who might later lead the Union Navy during the Civil War. While Porter was getting a charge out of accomplishment in the Pacific, the British barricade started to fix along the American coast keeping a significant number of the US Navys overwhelming frigates in port. While the viability of the US Navy was hampered, several American privateers went after British transportation. Throughout the war, they caught somewhere in the range of 1,175 and 1,554 British boats. One boat that was adrift right off the bat in 1813 was Master Commandant James Lawrences brig USS Hornet (20). On February 24, he drew in and caught the brig HMS Peacock (18) off the bank of South America. Getting back, Lawrence was elevated to chief and provided order of the frigate USS Chesapeake (50) at Boston. Finishing fixes to transport, Lawrence arranged to put to the ocean in late May. This was hurried by the way that just a single British boat, the frigate HMS Shannon (52), was barricading the harbor. Instructed by Captain Philip Broke, Shannon was a split boat with an ex ceptionally prepared team. Anxious to connect with the American, Broke gave a test to Lawrence to meet him in fight. This demonstrated pointless as Chesapeake rose up out of the harbor on June 1. Having a bigger, however greener team, Lawrence tried to proceed with the US Navys dash of triumphs. Starting to shoot, the two boats battered each other before meeting up. Requesting his men to plan to board Shannon, Lawrence was mortally injured. Falling, his final words were supposedly, Dont surrender the Ship! Battle her till she sinks. Notwithstanding this support, the crude American mariners were immediately overpowered by Shannons team and Chesapeake was before long caught. Taken to Halifax, it was fixed and saw administration in the Royal Navy until being sold in 1820. We Have Met the Enemy... As American maritime fortunes were turning adrift, a maritime structure race was in progress on the shores of Lake Erie. While trying to recover maritime prevalence on the lake, the US Navy started development of two 20-weapon brigs at Presque Isle, PA (Erie, PA). In March 1813, the new leader of American maritime powers on Lake Erie, Master Commandant Oliver H. Perry, showed up at Presque Isle. Evaluating his order, he found that there was a general deficiency of provisions and men. While determinedly supervising the development of the two brigs, named USS Lawrence and USS Niagara, Perry made a trip to Lake Ontario in May 1813, to make sure about extra sailors from Chauncey. While there, he gathered a few gunboats for use on Lake Erie. Withdrawing from Black Rock, he was almost caught by the new British authority on Lake Erie, Commander Robert H. Barclay. A veteran of Trafalgar, Barclay had shown up at the British base of Amherstburg, Ontario on June 10. In spite of the fact that the two sides were hampered by gracefully gives they worked through the mid year to finish their armadas with Perry completing his two brigs and Barclay authorizing the 19-firearm transport HMS Detroit. Having increased maritime predominance, Perry had the option to slice the British gracefully lines to Amherstburg constraining Barclay to look for the fight to come. Withdrawing Put-in-Bay on September 10, Perry moved to draw in the British unit. Directing from Lawrence, Perry flew an enormous fight banner embellished with his companions passing on order, Dont Give Up the Ship! In the subsequent Battle of Lake Erie, Perry won a shocking triumph that saw severe battling and the American officer constrained to switch transports halfway through the commitment. Catching the whole British unit, Perry sent a short dispatch to Harrison declaring, We have met the foe and they are our own. 1812: Surprises at Sea Ineptitude on Land | War of 1812: 101 | 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned 1812: Surprises at Sea Ineptitude on Land | War of 1812: 101 | 1814: Advances in the North A Capital Burned Triumph in the Northwest As Perry was developing his armada through the initial segment of 1813, Harrison was on edge in western Ohio. Developing a significant base at Fort Meigs, he repulsed an assault drove by Major General Henry Proctor and Tecumseh in May. A subsequent assault was turned around in July just as one against Fort Stephenson (August 1). Building his military, Harrison was all set in all out attack mode in September following Perrys triumph on the lake. Pushing ahead with his Army of the Northwest, Harrison sent 1,000 mounted soldiers overland to Detroit while the majority of his infantry was shipped there by Perrys armada. Perceiving the peril of his circumstance, Proctor deserted Detroit, Fort Malden, and Amherstburg and started withdrawing east (Map). Retaking Detroit, Harrison started seeking after the withdrawing British. With Tecumseh contending against falling back, Proctor at long last went to hold fast along the Thames River close Moraviantown. Drawing nearer on October 5, Harrison attacked Proctors position during the Battle of the Thames. In the battling, the British position was broken and Tecumseh murdered. Overpowered, Proctor and a couple of his men fled while the dominant part were caught by Harrisons armed force. One of only a handful scarcely any obvious American triumphs of the contention, the Battle of the Thames successfully won the war in the Northwest for the United States. With Tecumseh dead, the danger of Native American assaults died down and Harrison closed a truce with a few clans at Detroit. Consuming a Capital In anticipation of the principle American push at Lake Ontario, Major General Henry Dearborn was requested to situate 3,000 men at Buffalo for a negative mark against Forts Erie and George just as 4,000 men at Sackets Harbor. This subsequent power was to assault Kingston at the upper outlet of the lake. Accomplishment on the two fronts would cut off the lake from Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence River. At Sackets Harbor, Chauncey had quickly developed an armada that had wrested maritime prevalence away from his British partner, Captain Sir James Yeo. The two maritime officials would direct a structure war for the rest of the contention. Despite the fact that few maritime commitment were battled, nor was happy to hazard their armada in an unequivocal activity. Meeting at Sackets Harbor, Dearborn and Chauncey started to have apprehensions about the Kingston activity regardless of the way that the goal was just thirty miles away. While Chauncey worried about conceivable ice around Kingsto n, Dearborn was worried about the size of the British battalion. Rather than striking at Kingston, the two authorities rather chose for lead an assault against York, Ontario (present-day Toronto). In spite of the fact that of negligible key worth, York was the capital of Upper Canada and Chauncey had insight that two brigs were under development there. Leaving on April 25, Chaunceys ships conveyed Dearborns troops over the lake to York. Under the immediate control of Brigadier General Zebulon Pike, these soldiers arrived on April 27. Restricted by powers under Major General Roger Sheaffe, Pike prevailing with regards to taking the town after a sharp battle. As the British withdrew, they exploded their powder magazine slaughtering various Americans including Pike. In the wake of the battling, American soldiers started plundering the town and consumed the Parliament Building. Subsequent to involving the town for seven days, Chauncey and Dearborn pulled back. While a triumph, the assault on York did little to modify the vital point of view toward the lake and conduct of the American powers would impact British activities the next year. Triu

Lord Of The Rings Essays - The Lord Of The Rings, Action Heroes

Ruler Of The Rings J. R. R. Tolkien - The Lord Of The Rings. (3/4) Section 1: The Fellowship of the Ring Section 2: The Two Towers Section 3: The Return of the King THE RETURN OF THE KING Book V Part 1 Minas Tirith Part 2 The Passing of the Gray Company Part 3 The Muster of Rohan Part 4 The Siege of Gondor Part 5 The Ride of the Rohirrim Part 6 The Battle of the Pelennor Fields Part 7 The Pyre of Denethor Part 8 The Houses of Healing Part 9 The Last Debate Part 10 The Black Gate Opens Book VI Part 1 The Tower of Cirith Ungol Part 2 The Land of Shadow Part 3 Mount Doom Part 4 The Field of Cormallen Part 5 The Steward and the King Section 6 Many Partings Part 7 Homeward Bound Part 8 The Scouring of the Shire Part 9 The Gray Havens - - - THE RETURN OF THE KING Pippin watched out from the haven of Gandalf's shroud. He thought about whether he was alert or as yet resting, still in the quick moving dream in which he had been wrapped for such a long time since the extraordinary ride started. The dim world was surging by and the breeze sang uproariously in his ears. He could see only the wheeling stars, and away to his privilege tremendous shadows against the sky where the mountains of the South walked past. Languidly he attempted to figure the occasions and phases of their excursion, yet his memory was sleepy and unsure. There had been the principal ride at horrendous speed without an end, and afterward in the first light he had seen a pale glimmer of gold, and they had gone to the quiet town and the extraordinary void house on the slope. Furthermore, scarcely had they arrived at its asylum when the winged shadow had disregarded indeed, and men shriveled with dread. Be that as it may, Gandalf had spoken delicate words to him, and he had rested in a corner, tired yet uncomfortable, faintly mindful of comings and goings and of men talking and Gandalf providing orders. And afterward again riding, riding in the night. This was the second, no, the third night since he had glanced in the Stone. What's more, with that repulsive memory he woke completely, and shuddered, and the commotion of the breeze got loaded up with threatening voices. A light encouraged in the sky, a burst of yellow fire behind dull boundaries Pippin fell down back, apprehensive for a second, pondering into what appalling nation Gandalf was bearing him. He scoured his eyes, and afterward he saw that it was the moon transcending the eastern shadows, presently nearly at the full. So the night was not yet old and for quite a long time the dim excursion would go on. He mixed and talked. 'Where are we, Gandalf?' he inquired. 'In the domain of Gondor,' the wizard replied. 'The place where there is An?rien is as yet cruising by.' There was a quietness again for some time. At that point, 'What is that?' cried Pippin out of nowhere, grasping at Gandalf's shroud. 'Look! Fire, red fire! Are there mythical serpents in this land? See, there is another!' For answer Gandalf cried so anyone might hear to his pony. 'On, Shadowfax! We should rush. Time is short. See! The reference points of Gondor are land, calling for help. War is aroused. It couldn't be any more obvious, there is the fire on Amon D?n, and fire on Eilenach; and there they go speeding west: Nardol, Erelas, Min-Rimmon, Calenhad, and the Halifirien on the outskirts of Rohan.' In any case, Shadowfax stopped in his step, easing back to a walk, and afterward he lifted up his head and neighed. What's more, out of the dimness the noting neigh of different ponies came; and by and by the crashing of feet was heard, and three riders cleared up and passed like flying phantoms in the moon and disappeared into the West. At that point Shadowfax assembled himself and sprang away, and the night streamed over him like a thundering breeze. Pippin became sluggish again and given little consideration to Gandalf letting him know of the traditions of Gondor, and how the Lord of the City had reference points based on the highest points of distant slopes along the two outskirts of the incredible range, and kept up posts at these focuses where new ponies were consistently in status to tolerate his task riders to Rohan in the North, or to Belfalas in the South. 'It is since a long time ago the reference points of the North were lit,' he said; 'and

Give Yourself an Hour

Give Yourself an Hour College is an exciting time, and it’s also a very busy time. Between your classes, work, student organizations, and a social life it can be difficult to find some time to yourself. It’s certainly something I’ve battled with for the past two years. For me, at least, the fear is that of falling behind. There’s always something that I could be doing at any given moment. I could get that one piece of homework out of the way. I could send out that email to my exec board. I could go out for food with my friends. I could work on that internship assignment I have. I’m also constantly surrounded by students who are very successful themselves, which can be both a blessing and a curse. I love working with students here because of the great things we get done together, but it can also create a consistent nagging stress of “I’m not doing enough right now”. I’m here to argue for your health. Nothing I’m about to say is new, but if it helps one person to hear it again then writing this piece is worthwhile. You need to take time each day to clear your head. Not once a month, once a week, or even once every few days. Each day. I try to do this in the morning. Over the summer I practiced getting up early to go to the ARC Gym. I don’t send emails at the gym, I don’t make calls at the gym, and it’s certainly hard to think about accounting homework when I’m sweating and need all my energy to finish the workout. All of the things that I don’t work on during that time will be waiting for me when I get back, and that’s a good thing. But they won’t bother me there. It doesn’t have to be the gym for you, either. It could be reading a book, cooking, or taking a walk around our beautiful campus. Trust me, you have 24 hours in the day, and you can make 23 of them better by focusing on yourself for one. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

DeTocquevilles Benefits of Democracy Compared With the...

DeTocqueville noticed three significant benefits of democracy while observing it first hand in America. Those benefits are public spirit, a notion of rights, and respect for the law. Keeping these results of democracy in mind, while reading Thoreau’s Walden a reader will wonder whether or not the author is comfortable with the notion of living in a democratic government. To answer this question, it is useful to assess DeTocqueville’s benefits of democracy and compare them with the principles found in Walden. Of the first benefit, public spirit, DeTocqueville describes two types of patriotism. The first is based on a pride of family and country and â€Å"a reverence for traditions of the past,† resulting in a strong felt personal†¦show more content†¦While Thoreau also has a strong sense of rights, he is a bit more like Rousseau in his thought, assuming that all are able to put aside their greed and their tendency to put their self interest above the self interest of others, basing much of his arguments on the presupposition that the nature of man is generally good. Operating under this assumption, Thoreau â€Å"never fastened [his] door night or day. His argument was that if all were to live as he did, without striving for anything in excess of necessity, then there would be no reason for protections against robberies. Following this logic, there would be no reason for any government of any type, save to defend against people who knew not the benefits of such living. So on the issue of rights, DeTocqueville and Thoreau arrive at a similar conclusion, that virtue and rights are necessary for any good society, they arrive there coming from very different starting points. The third benefit of democracy listed by DeTocqueville is respect of the law. In DeTocqueville’s ideal democracy every citizen would engage in the election of officials and the making of laws, all seeking to maintain the self interest of the individual. Thus, having written the law themselves, the people have a sense of ownership of the law and further desire to follow it. In Thoreau’s ideal society, many of the law written under

Race And Race Relations The Root Of Public Health Crises

There was a time when I would shy away from an in-depth conversation about race and race relations in social situations. I would participate in class, when studying race and health disparities, however when stepped out of the classroom and converse amongst my peers, I became more reserved. There’s something about asking those hard questions and discussing disparities as a result of oppressions and transgressions which made me uncomfortable to talk about race outside of the structured, politically-correct world of academia. Often emotions overshadowed a constructive and empathetic discourse and as a result I would be reserved or sometimes avoided those conversations. However, it is a conversation that I need to be a part of. Health disparities are at the root of public health crises; there are billions of dollars being allocated for initiatives and operations with the aim at improving the quality of life and combating health disparities within at-risk, vulnerable, and minority populations. Race relations and how it is impacted by American culture, history and policy presents a risk factor for negative health outcomes for some. NCORE will be an environment where I can be a part of the dialogue, and where I can learn the skills needed to be active and operate public health professional within a cultural context. 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Indus Valley Civilization. Free Essays

Indus Valley Civilization. The earliest traces of civilization in the Indian subcontinent are to be found in places along, or close, to the Indus river. Excavations first conducted in 1921-22, in the ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro, both now in Pakistan, pointed to a highly complex civilization that first developed some 4,500-5,000 years ago, and subsequent archaeological and historical research has now furnished us with a more detailed picture of the Indus Valley Civilization and its inhabitants. We will write a custom essay sample on Indus Valley Civilization. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Indus Valley people were most likely Dravidians, who may have been pushed down into south India when the Aryans, with their more advanced military technology, commenced their migrations to India around 2,000 BCE. Though the Indus Valley script remains undeciphered down to the present day, the numerous seals discovered during the excavations, as well as statuary and pottery, not to mention the ruins of numerous Indus Valley cities, have enabled scholars to construct a reasonably plausible account of the Indus Valley Civilization. Some kind of centralized state, and certainly fairly extensive town planning, is suggested by the layout of the great cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro. The same kind of burnt brick appears to have been used in the construction of buildings in cities that were as much as several hundred miles apart. The weights and measures show a very considerable regularity. The Indus Valley people domesticated animals, and harvested various crops, such as cotton, sesame, peas, barley, and cotton. They may also have been a sea-faring people, and it is rather interesting that Indus Valley seals have been dug up in such places as Sumer. In most respects, the Indus Valley Civilization appears to have been urban, defying both the predominant idea of India as an eternally and essentially agricultural civilization, as well as the notion that the change from ‘rural’ to ‘urban’ represents something of a logical progression. The Indus Valley people had a merchant class that, evidence suggests, engaged in extensive trading. Neither Harappa nor Mohenjodaro show any evidence of fire altars, and consequently one can reasonably conjecture that the various rituals around the fire which are so critical in Hinduism were introduced later by the Aryans. The Indus Valley people do not appear to have been in possession of the horse: there is no osteological evidence of horse remains in the Indian sub-continent before 2,000 BCE, when the Aryans first came to India, and on Harappan seals and terracotta figures, horses do not appear. Other than the archaeological ruins of Harappa and Mohenjodaro, these seals provide the most detailed clues about the character of the Indus Valley people. Bulls and elephants do appear on these seals, but the horned bull, most scholars are agreed, should not be taken to be congruent with Nandi, or Shiva’s bull. The horned bull appears in numerous Central Asian figures as well; it is also important to note that Shiva is not one of the gods invoked in the Rig Veda. The revered cow of the Hindus also does not appear on the seals. The women portrayed on the seals are shown with elaborate coiffures, sporting heavy jewelry, suggesting that the Indus Valley people were an urbane people with cultivated tastes and a refined aesthetic sensibility. A few thousand seals have been discovered in Indus Valley cities, showing some 400 pictographs: too few in number for the language to have been ideographic, and too many for the language to have been phonetic. The Indus Valley civilization raises a great many, largely unresolved, questions. Why did this civilization, considering its sophistication, not spread beyond the Indus Valley? In general, the area where the Indus valley cities developed is arid, and one can surmise that urban development took place along a river that flew through a virtual desert. The Indus Valley people did not develop agriculture on any large scale, and consequently did not have to clear away a heavy growth of forest. Nor did they have the technology for that, since they were confined to using bronze or stone implements. They did not practice canal irrigation and did not have the heavy plough. Most significantly, under what circumstances did the Indus Valley cities undergo a decline? The first attacks on outlying villages by Aryans appear to have taken place around 2,000 BCE near Baluchistan, and of the major cities, at least Harappa was quite likely over-run by the Aryans. In the Rig Veda there is mention of a Vedic war god, Indra, destroying some forts and citadels, which could have included Harappa and some other Indus Valley cities. The conventional historical narrative speaks of a cataclysmic blow that struck the Indus Valley Civilization around 1,600 BCE, but that would not explain why settlements at a distance of several hundred miles from each other were all eradicated. The most compelling historical narrative still suggests that the demise and eventual disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization, which owed something to internal decline, nonetheless was facilitated by the arrival in India of the Aryans. How to cite Indus Valley Civilization., Essay examples

Atlantis We Will Never Know Essay Example For Students

Atlantis We Will Never Know Essay Fantasy is a tough sell in the twentieth century. The world has been fully discovered and fully mapped. Popular media has effectively minimized the legend and the fantastic rumor, though to make up for this it has generated falsities not as lavish but just as interesting. Satellites have mapped and studied the earth, leaving only a space frontier that is as yet unreachable. But standing out is a charming fantasy the modern world has yet to verify or condemn: the lost continent of Atlantis. The father of the modern worlds perception of Atlantis is Plato (circa 428-circa 347 b.c.). (1) The Greek philosopher spoke in his works Timaeus and Critias of a continent in the Atlantic ocean larger than Africa and Asia Minor combined which rivaled Athens as the most advanced in the world. (2) According to the legend surrounding Platos dialogues, the island of Atlantis was violently thrown into the sea by the forces of nature, and its few survivors managed to swim ashore and relate their story. (3) There the legend was passed by word of mouth until an Egyptian priest related the story to Solon, a character in Timaeus. The priest admired the achievements of prehistoric Athenians, because when the rulers of Atlantis threatened to invade all of Europe and Asia the Athenians, on behalf of all Greeks, defeated the Atlanteans to avoid enslavement. (4) The works of Plato opened the floodgates to endless speculation on whether the continent described was fact or fiction. Atlantis has sin ce been placed in Spain, Mongolia, Palestine, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Brazil, Sweden, Greenland and Yucatan. Every nook and cranny of the globe has been hypothesized; mountain peaks, desert lands, the ocean floor and even the barren wasteland of Antarctica have been mentioned in theories. (5) While some of these theories are compatible with Platos works and are within relative reason, numerous crackpot theories have been developed using the lost continent as a basis. One of these theories, posted on the computer internet where it has access to over fifteen million people, talks in twenty-one pages of pre-historical lands with names like Oz and Luxor. These world wide web pages list over two hundred separate articles of proof for the existence of Atlantis, as in the following: (6) ?Most all ancient civilizations believed in the TITANS, the race of giant humans that inhabited Earth long ago. Different races knew them by different names. These 7 to 12 foot humanoids were thought to b e legendary until the excavation of over a dozen skeletons 8 to 12 feet tall, around the world, shocked archeologists. These skeletons were positively human. Some of these skeletal remains are on Maui in lava caves near Ulupalakua and Olowalu. The Spanish Conquistadors left diaries of wild blond-haired, blue-eyed 8 to 12 foot high men running around in the Andes during the conquest of the Incas. A couple were reportedly captured but died en route to Europe. If giant animals (dinosaurs) were possible then why not giant men? And why are these goliaths populating both Eurasia and the Americas? Only on a land bridge created by the vast continent of Antarctica can there be a sufficient bridge for the spread of these giants.?(7) This text, written by self-proclaimed Atlantologist Steve Omar, represents Platos text taken to the extreme- using his ideas as a basis for outlandish and unfounded ideas. These unverified fantasies make a dubious complement to the other dark side of the Atlantea n fantasy: hoaxes. Atlantis has been ?discovered? many times, but most notably in the fall of 1912 by Dr. Paul Schliemann. Schliemann introduced himself as the grandson of the famous Heinrich Schliemann, the archeologist who discovered the ruins of ancient Troy in 1873. His ?discovery? made front page news (The New York American, October 1912.) and boasted of an advanced civilization with aircraft, power-driven boats and the like. Schliemann said his grandfather told him on his deathbed of the familys secret: the location of Atlantis. Schliemanns claims made waves, but didnt hold water; when pressed for details, Schliemann was unresponsive and eventually disappeared from public view. (8) Unfortunately, the falsities concerning Atlantis frequently overshadow the possibilities. The subject has gathered its share of honest journalists as well. Ignatius Donnelly wrote the first extensive study of the possibility of existence in 1882, and his views have not been found to be false with t wentieth century technology. Donnelly believed in Atlantis, but believed it to be worldly; his reasons for Atlantiss existence are unable to be proven, but make sense. Some examples:-There is nothing improbable in Platos narrative; it describes rich, cultured and educated people but doesnt mention things of fantasy like giants, hobgoblins etc. (9)-Plato speaks of hot and cold springs in the center of Atlantis, a feature common to islands with volcanic activity. Chances are Plato didnt know this. (9)-Plato says in his stories that the Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea, is always seen on a chariot with horses because he was originally the god of Atlantis, where horses were domesticated. But when Atlantis fell to the sea, the Greeks believed Poseidon brought his horses with him. (9) Responding partly to Donnelleys theories and partly to the urge to discover, some 20th century archeologists have used twentieth century technology to look for Atlantis. But many have dismissed Atlantis as glorified myths of volcanic eruptions in the island of Thera in 1450 b.c. The eruption may have destroyed that island and caused a small earthquake and tsunamis that ruined the civilization of Crete, but didnt sink a continent. (10) Therefore, none of Donnelleys theories can be proved without the actual discovery of the continent. The legend of Atlantis is only a huge collection of theories and guesses, but theories and guesses also led to the discovery of the lost Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, discovered after being buried and preserved by the volcanic ash of nearby Mt. Vesuvius. Because of this, the mystery of Atlantiss existence will tantalize the world until the continent is either proven or disproven. (11)